(ex 60% of PP, PB, and ST).. platelet responses. P2Y12R represents a potential target for an anticancer therapy due to its involvement in platelet-cancer cell crosstalk. Therefore, P2Y12R antagonists, including clopidogrel, ticagrelor, and prasugrel, might represent potential anti-cancer providers, in addition to their part as effective antithrombotic medicines. However, further studies, in experimental animals and individuals, are required before the recommendation of the use of P2Y12R antagonists in malignancy prevention and progression can be made. experiments confirm OF-1 a role for P2Y12 in microglia. P2Y12-deficient mice showed a diminished early response to focal injury and microglia from these animals was much less responsive to purine nucleotides in terms of cell migration (Haynes et al., 2006). Recently, it was demonstrated that ADP activation of microglia P2Y12R induced ERK1/2 and paxillin Ser83 phosphorylation, which play a role in the rules of focal adhesions and actin cytoskeleton rearrangement (Lee et al., 2012). Moreover, in hippocampal slices, the receptor offers been shown to stimulate process extension through the activation of integrin- extracellular matrix connection (Ohsawa et al., 2010; Swiatkowski et al., 2016). P2Y12R has also been shown to regulate migration of vascular clean muscle mass cells (VSMCs). In these cells, ADP, through P2Y12-Gi activation, inhibited cAMP/PKA signaling pathway resulting in cofilin dephosphorylation, actin disassembly OF-1 and, as a consequence, an increase in VSMCs motility and migration (Niu et al., 2017). A role for P2Y12R in swelling and immune modulation has been recently reported (Wang et al., 2004; Diehl et al., 2010; Burnstock and Boeynaems, 2014; Cattaneo, 2015; Hechler and Gachet, 2015). Interestingly, it has been demonstrated that platelets negatively impact the adoptive T cell therapy (Take action) in malignancy by generating high levels of active TGF. Moreover, platelets are the only cell type known so far to constitutively communicate the TGF-docking receptor glycoprotein A repetitions OF-1 predominant (GARP) which allows them to capture TGF from both additional cells and the extracellular matrix. This platelet-specific TGF-GARP-axis seems to play a critical part by constraining the antitumor activity of T cell immunity (Rachidi et al., 2017). In B16-F1 melanoma-C57BL/6 mice, clopidogrel, a P2Y12R antagonist, in combination with aspirin made the Take action therapy highly effective compared to the control group, which received water. Indeed, most mice survived without relapse for more than 3 months (Rachidi et al., 2017). The P2Y12R manifestation has been also recently reported in human being eosinophils; in these cells, it caused the release of eosinophil peroxidase (Muniz et al., 2015). Manifestation of P2Y12R in malignancy cells has been poorly investigated. The receptor protein has been found in glioma and astrocytoma cells (Jin et al., 2001; Czajkowski et al., 2002; Burnstock and Di Virgilio, 2013) where it has been reported to increase malignancy cell proliferation. In basal condition, C6 glioma cells indicated MYCNOT mainly P2Y1 mRNA with lower levels of P2Y12 mRNA, but, when the cells were cultured in serum-free medium, the manifestation of P2Y1 mRNA decreased, whereas that of P2Y12 significantly improved (Czajkowski et al., 2004). In these conditions, ADP enhanced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and PI3K signaling by activating the P2Y12R (Czajkowski et al., 2004). More recently, P2Y12 expression has been also explained in breast malignancy cell lines (Sarangi et al., 2013). The baseline manifestation of the receptor protein was low in both normal breast epithelium (MCF 10A cells) and in human being breast malignancy cell lines, namely MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 (Sarangi et al., 2013). Interestingly, as for the glioma cells, the P2Y12 protein levels were enhanced by serum starvation. Also, cell treatment with cisplatin, a well-known chemotherapeutic agent, enhanced P2Y12 manifestation in breast malignancy cells (Sarangi et al., 2013; Dasari and Tchounwou, 2014). The inhibition of P2Y12 reduced cisplatin-mediated increase of hypoxia-inducible element 1-alpha, a factor involved in the resistance to cytotoxic therapy (Ai et al., 2016; Zhao et al., 2016), in angiogenesis and in metastatic processes (Choi et al., 2016; Wang et al., 2016). In platelet rich plasma from healthy subjects the P2Y12R antagonist cangrelor reduced the production of ADP-stimulated vascular endothelial growth element (VEGF) (Bambace et al., 2010) a key protein in angiogenesis. Moreover, platelet secretion of additional proangiogenic molecules, including IL-1, IL-1, GM- CSF, MMP-1 and uPAR, can be controlled by P2Y12R inhibitors in non-small cell lung malignancy cell-stimulated platelets (Wu et al., 2015)..